Escenarios y situaciones de racismo y clasismo durante el cuidado de enfermería: Una revisión de la literatura
Article Sidebar
Publicado
dic 20, 2023
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##
https://doi.org/10.36677/saludycuidado.v2i4.21985
Main Article Content
Erika Lozada Perezmite
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-8662
Erick Landeros Olvera
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-1759
Rosa Maria Galicia Aguilar
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-124X
Charlene Esteban Ronquillo
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-1765
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-8662
Erick Landeros Olvera
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-1759
Rosa Maria Galicia Aguilar
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-124X
Charlene Esteban Ronquillo
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-1765
Resumen
Introducción: Una revisión sistemática rápida que explora las interacciones del clasismo y el racismo en la enfermería.
Objetivo: comprender la discriminación basada en la clase y la raza en el sistema de salud de América del Norte a través de un análisis de contenido de la literatura.
Método: Los criterios de elegibilidad para esta revisión fueron predeterminados según el formato PICOT. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2016 y 2020 que describían al personal de enfermería como actor principal o secundario en situaciones de racismo y clasismo dentro del cuidado de enfermería. Las publicaciones se limitaron a los idiomas español, portugués e inglés. Los riesgos de sesgo se mitigaron mediante un proceso de selección de varios pasos y una herramienta de extracción de datos adaptada de los criterios de revisión sistemática COCHRANE. Se incluyeron un total de 1395 publicaciones, 46 que cumplían los criterios de análisis. Menos artículos en la búsqueda en inglés en comparación con las búsquedas en español y portugués.
Resultados: Se sugiere una diferencia potencial en la atención prestada a la intersección de clase y raza en diferentes regiones de las Américas. Se extrajeron ocho temas: violencia, áreas de oportunidad, consecuencias, estrategias, eventos desencadenantes, barreras, sentimientos y acciones realizadas.
Conclusiones: Es importante que la enfermería cuestione las conceptualizaciones de los blancos norteamericanos sobre el clasismo y el racismo para abordar de manera efectiva la discriminación en los sistemas de salud.
Article Details
Como citar
LOZADA PEREZMITE, Erika et al.
Escenarios y situaciones de racismo y clasismo durante el cuidado de enfermería: Una revisión de la literatura.
Revista Salud y Cuidado, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 4, p. 49-66, dic. 2023.
ISSN 2954-4459.
Disponible en: <https://revistasaludycuidado.uaemex.mx/article/view/21985>. Fecha de acceso: 03 oct. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/saludycuidado.v2i4.21985.
Sección
Artículos de revisión y relatos de experiencia
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
De acuerdo con la legislación de derechos de autor, la Revista Salud y Cuidado reconoce y respeta el derecho moral de los autores, así como la titularidad del derecho patrimonial, el cual será cedido a la revista para su difusión en acceso abierto.
Citas
1. Chen, J. T., Waterman, P. D., & Krieger, N. (2020). COVID-19 and the unequal surge in mortality rates in Massachusetts, by city/town and ZIP Code measures of poverty, household crowding, race/ethnicity, and racialized economic segregation. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies
2. Laurencin, C. T., & McClinton, A. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Call to Action to Identify and Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 7(3), 398-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00756-0
3. Canadian Nurses Association. (2020, June 11, 2020). Anti-Black racism is a public health emergency in Canada https://cna-aiic.ca/en/news-room/news-releases/2020/anti-black-
racism-is-a-public-health-emergency-in-canada
4. Grant, E. J. (2020, June 1, 2020). ANA President Condemns Racism, Brutality and Senseless Violence Against Black Communities
https://www.nursingworld.org/news/news-releases/2020/ana-president-condemns-racism-
brutality-and-senseless-violence-against-black-communities/
5. National Nurses United. (2020, May 28, 2020). National Nurses Statement on George Floyd and National Policing Practices https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/press/national-nurses-statement-george-floyd-and-
national-policing-practices
6. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. (2020, June 3, 2020). RNAO stands together with our Black sisters and brothers https://rnao.ca/news/media-releases/rnao-stands-
together-our-black-sisters-and-brothers
7. Hall, J. M., & Fields, B. (2013). Continuing the conversation in nursing on race and racism. Nursing Outlook, 61(3), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2012.11.006
8. Iheduru‐Anderson, K., Shingles, R. R., & Akanegbu, C. (2020). Discourse of race and racism in nursing: An integrative review of literature. Public Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12828
9. Thurman, W. A., Johnson, K. E., & Sumpter, D. F. (2019). Words Matter: An Integrative Review of Institutionalized Racism in Nursing Literature. Advances in Nursing Science, 42(2), 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000265
10. Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH). “El Derecho a la Salud de los Pueblos Indigenas, Servicios y Atención en las Clinicas de las Comunidades”. Segunda Edición. 2018. https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/all/doc/cartillas/2015-2016/04-Salud-
Pueblos-Indigenas.pdf
11. Bullock, H. E., & Limbert, W. M. (2009). Class. In D. Fox, I. Prilleltensky, & S. Austin (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (2nd ed. ed.). Sage.
12. Lott, B. (2012). The social psychology of class and classism. American Psychologist, 67(8), 650.
13. Pino, S. d., Coates, A. R., Guzmán, J. M., Gómez-Salgado, J., & Ruiz-Frutos, C. (2020).
Política sobre etnicidad y salud: Construyendo soluciones equitativas frente a las desigualdades étnicas. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 92, e201809059.
14. Hawkins, R. B., Charles, E. J., & Mehaffey, J. H. (2020). Socio-economic status and COVID-19–related cases and fatalities. Public Health, 189, 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.016
15. Chowkwanyun, M., & Reed, A. L. (2020). Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(3), 201-203. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2012910
16. Yaya, S., Yeboah, H., Charles, C. H., Otu, A., & Labonte, R. (2020). Ethnic and racial disparities in COVID-19-related deaths: counting the trees, hiding the forest. BMJ Global Health, 5(6), e002913. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002913
17. Butler, S., & Diaz, C. (2017). Nurses as intermediaries in the promotion of community health: Exploring their roles and challenges (Building Healthy Neighbourhoods Series, Issue. T. B. Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/es_20170921_nurses_as_intermediaries.pdf
18. Goulter, N., Kavanagh, D. J., & Gardner, G. (2015). What keeps nurses busy in the mental health setting? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(6), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12173
19. Mororó, D. D. D. S., Menezes, R. M. P. D., Queiroz, A. A. R. D., Silva, C. J. D. A., & Pereira, W. C. (2020). Nurse as an integrator in healthcare management of children with chronic condition. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 73(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0453
20. Wurzbach, M. E. (1996). Comfort and nurses' moral choices. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(2), 260-264. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.01985.x
21. West, R., & Bartkowski, J. P. (2019). Negotiating Patient-Provider Power Dynamics in Distinct Childbirth Settings: Insights from Black American Mothers. Societies, 9(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc9020045
22. Garritty, C., Gartlehner, G., Kamel, C., King, V., Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Stevens, A., Hamel, C., & Affengruber, L. (2020). Interim guidance from the cochrane rapid reviews methods group. Cochrane Rapid Rev, 2020.
23. Hamel, C., Michaud, A., Thuku, M., Affengruber, L., Skidmore, B., Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Stevens, A., & Garritty, C. (2020). Few evaluative studies exist examining rapid review methodology across stages of conduct: a systematic scoping review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 126, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.027
24. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
25. Kelly, S. E., Moher, D., & Clifford, T. J. (2016). Quality of conduct and reporting in rapid reviews: an exploration of compliance with PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines. Systematic Reviews, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0258-9
26. Tricco, A. C., Antony, J., Zarin, W., Strifler, L., Ghassemi, M., Ivory, J., Perrier, L., Hutton, B., Moher, D., & Straus, S. E. (2015). A scoping review of rapid review methods. BMC Medicine, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0465-6
27. Tricco, A. C., Langlois, E., Straus, S. E., & Organization, W. H. (2017). Rapid reviews to strengthen health policy and systems: a practical guide. World Health Organization.
28. Higgins, J. P., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V.A. (2019). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. John Wiley & S
2. Laurencin, C. T., & McClinton, A. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Call to Action to Identify and Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 7(3), 398-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00756-0
3. Canadian Nurses Association. (2020, June 11, 2020). Anti-Black racism is a public health emergency in Canada https://cna-aiic.ca/en/news-room/news-releases/2020/anti-black-
racism-is-a-public-health-emergency-in-canada
4. Grant, E. J. (2020, June 1, 2020). ANA President Condemns Racism, Brutality and Senseless Violence Against Black Communities
https://www.nursingworld.org/news/news-releases/2020/ana-president-condemns-racism-
brutality-and-senseless-violence-against-black-communities/
5. National Nurses United. (2020, May 28, 2020). National Nurses Statement on George Floyd and National Policing Practices https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/press/national-nurses-statement-george-floyd-and-
national-policing-practices
6. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. (2020, June 3, 2020). RNAO stands together with our Black sisters and brothers https://rnao.ca/news/media-releases/rnao-stands-
together-our-black-sisters-and-brothers
7. Hall, J. M., & Fields, B. (2013). Continuing the conversation in nursing on race and racism. Nursing Outlook, 61(3), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2012.11.006
8. Iheduru‐Anderson, K., Shingles, R. R., & Akanegbu, C. (2020). Discourse of race and racism in nursing: An integrative review of literature. Public Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12828
9. Thurman, W. A., Johnson, K. E., & Sumpter, D. F. (2019). Words Matter: An Integrative Review of Institutionalized Racism in Nursing Literature. Advances in Nursing Science, 42(2), 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000265
10. Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH). “El Derecho a la Salud de los Pueblos Indigenas, Servicios y Atención en las Clinicas de las Comunidades”. Segunda Edición. 2018. https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/all/doc/cartillas/2015-2016/04-Salud-
Pueblos-Indigenas.pdf
11. Bullock, H. E., & Limbert, W. M. (2009). Class. In D. Fox, I. Prilleltensky, & S. Austin (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (2nd ed. ed.). Sage.
12. Lott, B. (2012). The social psychology of class and classism. American Psychologist, 67(8), 650.
13. Pino, S. d., Coates, A. R., Guzmán, J. M., Gómez-Salgado, J., & Ruiz-Frutos, C. (2020).
Política sobre etnicidad y salud: Construyendo soluciones equitativas frente a las desigualdades étnicas. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 92, e201809059.
14. Hawkins, R. B., Charles, E. J., & Mehaffey, J. H. (2020). Socio-economic status and COVID-19–related cases and fatalities. Public Health, 189, 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.016
15. Chowkwanyun, M., & Reed, A. L. (2020). Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(3), 201-203. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2012910
16. Yaya, S., Yeboah, H., Charles, C. H., Otu, A., & Labonte, R. (2020). Ethnic and racial disparities in COVID-19-related deaths: counting the trees, hiding the forest. BMJ Global Health, 5(6), e002913. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002913
17. Butler, S., & Diaz, C. (2017). Nurses as intermediaries in the promotion of community health: Exploring their roles and challenges (Building Healthy Neighbourhoods Series, Issue. T. B. Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/es_20170921_nurses_as_intermediaries.pdf
18. Goulter, N., Kavanagh, D. J., & Gardner, G. (2015). What keeps nurses busy in the mental health setting? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(6), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12173
19. Mororó, D. D. D. S., Menezes, R. M. P. D., Queiroz, A. A. R. D., Silva, C. J. D. A., & Pereira, W. C. (2020). Nurse as an integrator in healthcare management of children with chronic condition. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 73(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0453
20. Wurzbach, M. E. (1996). Comfort and nurses' moral choices. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(2), 260-264. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.01985.x
21. West, R., & Bartkowski, J. P. (2019). Negotiating Patient-Provider Power Dynamics in Distinct Childbirth Settings: Insights from Black American Mothers. Societies, 9(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc9020045
22. Garritty, C., Gartlehner, G., Kamel, C., King, V., Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Stevens, A., Hamel, C., & Affengruber, L. (2020). Interim guidance from the cochrane rapid reviews methods group. Cochrane Rapid Rev, 2020.
23. Hamel, C., Michaud, A., Thuku, M., Affengruber, L., Skidmore, B., Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Stevens, A., & Garritty, C. (2020). Few evaluative studies exist examining rapid review methodology across stages of conduct: a systematic scoping review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 126, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.027
24. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
25. Kelly, S. E., Moher, D., & Clifford, T. J. (2016). Quality of conduct and reporting in rapid reviews: an exploration of compliance with PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines. Systematic Reviews, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0258-9
26. Tricco, A. C., Antony, J., Zarin, W., Strifler, L., Ghassemi, M., Ivory, J., Perrier, L., Hutton, B., Moher, D., & Straus, S. E. (2015). A scoping review of rapid review methods. BMC Medicine, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0465-6
27. Tricco, A. C., Langlois, E., Straus, S. E., & Organization, W. H. (2017). Rapid reviews to strengthen health policy and systems: a practical guide. World Health Organization.
28. Higgins, J. P., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V.A. (2019). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. John Wiley & S